A touchscreen is an electronic visual
display that a user can control by touching the screen with one or more
fingers. A touchscreen allows for a much more direct interaction with what is
displayed compared to a device like a mouse. Touchscreens have become very
common on tablet computers, smart phones and other mobile devices.
Increasingly, regular laptop and desktop computers use touchscreen displays so
users can use both touch as well as more traditional ways of input.
Touch screen technology: as per Wikipedia
A touchscreen or touch screen is the assembly of both an
input ('touch panel') and output ('display') device. The touch panel is
normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information
processing system. The display is often an LCD AMOLED or OLED display while the
system is usually a laptop, tablet, or smartphone. A user can give input or
control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch
gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. Some
touchscreens use ordinary or specially coated gloves to work while others may
only work using a special stylus or pen. The user can use the touchscreen to
react to what is displayed and, if the software allows, to control how it is
displayed; for example, zooming to increase the text size.
The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly with
what is displayed, rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or other such devices
(other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens).
Touchscreens are common in devices such as game consoles,
personal computers, electronic voting machines, and point-of-sale (POS)
systems. They can also be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks.
They play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as personal
digital assistants (PDAs) and some e-readers. Touchscreens are also important
in educational settings such as classrooms or on college campuses.
The popularity of smartphones, tablets, and many types of
information appliances is driving the demand and acceptance of common
touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreens are found in
the medical field, heavy industry, automated teller machines (ATMs), and kiosks
such as museum displays or room automation, where keyboard and mouse systems do
not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with
the display's content.
Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying
controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide array of
after-market system integrators, and not by display, chip, or motherboard
manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers have acknowledged
the trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as a user interface component and
have begun to integrate touchscreens into the fundamental design of their
products.
Development
The development of multi-touch screens facilitated the
tracking of more than one finger on the screen; thus, operations that require
more than one finger are possible. These devices also allow multiple users to
interact with the touchscreen simultaneously.
With the growing use of touchscreens, the cost of
touchscreen technology is routinely absorbed into the products that incorporate
it and is nearly eliminated. Touchscreen technology has demonstrated
reliability and is found in airplanes, automobiles, gaming consoles, machine
control systems, appliances, and handheld display devices including cellphones;
the touchscreen market for mobile devices was projected to produce US$5 billion
by 2009.
The ability to accurately point on the screen itself is also
advancing with the emerging graphics tablet-screen hybrids. Polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVFD) plays a major role in this innovation due its high
piezoelectric properties, which allow the tablet to sense pressure, making such
things as digital painting behave more like paper and pencil.
TapSense, announced in October 2011, allows touchscreens to
distinguish what part of the hand was used for input, such as the fingertip,
knuckle and fingernail. This could be used in a variety of ways, for example,
to copy and paste, to capitalize letters, to activate different drawing modes,
etc.
A real practical integration between television-images and
the functions of a normal modern PC could be an innovation in the near future:
for example "all-live-information" on the internet about a film or
the actors on video, a list of other music during a normal video clip of a song
or news about a person.
Touchscreen Accuracy
For touchscreens to be effective input devices, users must be able to accurately select targets and avoid accidental selection of adjacent targets. The design of touchscreen interfaces should reflect technical capabilities of the system, ergonomics, cognitive psychology and human physiology.
Guidelines for touchscreen designs were first developed in
the 1990s, based on early research and actual use of older systems, typically
using infrared grids—which were highly dependent on the size of the user's
fingers. These guidelines are less relevant for the bulk of modern devices
which use capacitive or resistive touch technology.
From the mid-2000s, makers of operating systems for
smartphones have promulgated standards, but these vary between manufacturers,
and allow for significant variation in size based on technology changes, so are
unsuitable from a human factors perspective.
Much more important is the accuracy humans have in selecting
targets with their finger or a pen stylus. The accuracy of user selection
varies by position on the screen: users are most accurate at the center, less
so at the left and right edges, and least accurate at the top edge and
especially the bottom edge. The R95 accuracy (required radius for 95% target
accuracy) varies from 7 mm (0.28 in) in the center to 12 mm (0.47 in) in the lower
corners. Users are subconsciously aware of this, and take more time to select
targets which are smaller or at the edges or corners of the touchscreen.
This user inaccuracy is a result of parallax, visual acuity
and the speed of the feedback loop between the eyes and fingers. The precision
of the human finger alone is much, much higher than this, so when assistive
technologies are provided—such as on-screen magnifiers—users can move their
finger (once in contact with the screen) with precision as small as 0.1 mm
(0.004 in).
From
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen>
What is a Touch Screen Technology & Its Working
Touch screen technology is the direct manipulation type
of gesture-based technology. Direct manipulation is the ability to
manipulate the digital world inside a screen. A Touch screen is an electronic
visual display capable of detecting and locating a touch over its display area.
This is generally referred to as touching the display of the device with a
finger or hand. This technology most widely used in computers, user interactive
machines, smartphones, tablets, etc to replace most functions of the mouse and
keyboard.
Touch screen technology has been around for a number of
years but advanced touch screen technology has come on in leaps and bounds
recently. Companies are including this technology in more of their products.
The three most common touch screen technologies include resistive, capacitive,
and SAW (surface acoustic wave). Most low-end touch screen devices contain a
standard printed circuit plug-in board and are used on SPI protocol. The
system has two parts, namely; hardware and software. The hardware architecture
consists of a stand-alone embedded system using an 8-bit microcontroller,
several types of interface, and driver circuits. The system software driver is
developed using an interactive C programming language.
What is a Touch Screen Technology?
A touch screen technology is the assembly of a touch panel
as well as a display device. Generally, a touch panel is covered on an
electronic visual display within a processing system. Here the display is an
LCD otherwise OLED whereas the system is normally like a smartphone, tablet, or
laptop. A consumer can give input through simple touch gestures by moving the
screen using a special stylus otherwise fingers. In some kinds of touch
screens, some normal otherwise gloves are used which are coated to work
properly whereas others may simply work with the help of a special pen.
The operator uses the touch screen to respond to what is
displayed and if the software of the device permits to control how it can be
exhibited like zooming the screen to enhance the size of the text. So touch
screen allows the operator to communicate directly through the displayed
information instead of using a touchpad, mouse, etc. Touch screens are used in
different devices like personal computers, game consoles, EVMs, etc Touch
screens are also essential in educational institutions like classrooms in the
colleges.
Who Invented Touch Screen?
The first concept of a touch screen was described &
published in the year 1965 by E.A. Johnson. So, the first touch screen was
developed in the 1970s by CERN engineers namely Bent Stumpe 7 Frank Beck. The
first touch screen device was created & used in year 1973. The first
resistive touch screen was designed in 1975 by George Samuel Hurst however
wasn’t launched 7 used until 1982.
How Does Touch Screen Technology Work?
Different types of touchscreen technology work in different
methods. Some can detect simply one finger at a time & get very confused if
you seek to push in two positions at once. Other types of screens can simply
notice and differentiate above one key push at once. There are different components used
in touchscreen technology which include the following.
Operation of Touch Screen Panel
A basic touch screen is having a touch sensor, a
controller, and a software driver as three main components. The touch screen is
needed to be combined with a display and a PC to make a touch screen system.
Touch Sensor
The sensor generally has an
electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a
change in the signal. This change is used to determine the location of the
touch of the screen.
Controller
A controller will be connected
between the touch sensor and PC. It takes information from the sensor and
translates it for the understanding of PC. The controller determines what type
of connection is needed.
Software Driver
It allows computers and touch screens
to work together. It tells OS how to interact with the touch event information
that is sent from the controller.
Modes of Touch Screen
The operation of the touch screen
can be done in different ways like single tap, double-tap, touch and hold,
swipe, pinch.
· In
a single tap, a single touch is used to tap on the screen to open an app
otherwise choose an object.
· In
double-tap, multiple touches are used for serving different functionalities
like zooming a display, choose a word or set of words.
· The
touch and hold option is mainly used to choose an object to drag it and also it
gives the option to unlock the screen otherwise powering ON/OFF.
· Swiping
a finger over the screen is used to type the letters using the keyboard on the
screen. It is also used to move the pages from right to left and also close
unwanted apps.
· In
pinch, two fingers are used to zoom in or zoom out a display.
Transparent Touch Screen Technology
Transparent touch screens work by
using two modern technologies to make a cutting-edge display that is tough to
ignore. These touch screens deliver 4K images or HD based on the display size
similar to a normal professional screen. The main difference between a
transparent and normal touch screen is a clear screen substrate. White pixels
appear completely transparent, black pixels not clear. The full variety of RGB
colors has the properties of semi-transparent. Transparent touch screens are
available in different types like transparent LCD screens and transparent OLED
screens.
Why Some Touch Screens Work Only with a Bare Finger?
Once a bare finer is used to tap
on the screen then it registers the commands. If you use a gloved finger
otherwise a stylus pen then it doesn’t register the commands. So the main
reason is conductive properties. There are different kinds of touchscreen
technologies available in the market, but the capacitive type is more popular
as compared to others because 90% of the touch screens sold and shipped
worldwide are powered through capacitive technology.
These touchscreens depend on
conductivity to notice touch commands. If you use a stylus or gloved finger to
control them, then they won’t record the commands otherwise react to your
commands.
Application – Remote Control using Touch Screen Technology
The touch screen is one of the simplest PC interfaces to use, for a larger number of applications. A touch screen is useful for easily accessing the information by simply touching the display screen. The touch screen device system is useful in ranging from industrial process control to home automation.
Touch Screen based Robotic
Vehicle- Transmitter
From <https://www.elprocus.com/touch-screen-technology-working/>
Touch Screen Properties
The main properties of the
touchscreen include the following.
· Ball
drop test
· Clarity
and Brightness
· Mechanical
and Mounting
· 4K
vs Full-HD
· HID
Compatible
· Touchpoints
· Response
Time
· Touch
Resolution
· Raised
Bezel
· Latency
/ Lag / Touch Response
Advantages
The advantages of touchscreen
technology include the following.
· Easy
to Clean and Maintain
· Engaging
and Interactive
· Self-Service
Feature
· Keyboard
and Mouse are not required
· Speed
and Efficiency
· Mobility
and Space
· Durability
and Resilience
· Easy
User Interface
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of touch screen
technology include the following.
· The
display of the device has to be large to operate the screen properly
· The
display will get dirty
· These
are expensive as compared to normal devices
· Indirect
sunlight, it is less efficient to read the screen
· Battery
life is low due to the big bright screen and uses massive computing power
· Accuracy
& Feedback
· Issues
on On-screen Keyboard
· Issues
due to Sensitivity
· Screen
Size
· Accidental
Dialing
Applications
The applications of touchscreen
technology include the following. Some of the examples of touchscreens like
smartphones, a tablet or a computer & a point of sale device.
· All-in-One
computer
· Touch
screen printer
· Ticket
machine
· Arcade
game
· Tablet
· ATM
· Car
GPS
· Smartphone
· Signature
pads
· Camera
· POS
machine
· Car
stereo
· Medical
equipment
· Cash
register
· Large
interactive screen
· Digital
camcorder
· In-flight
entertainment screen
· Laptop
· Handheld
game console
· E-book
· Grocery
self-checkout machine
· Kiosk
· Gas
station
· Sewing
machine
· Fitness
machine
· Electronic
whiteboard
· Factory
machine
The touch screen supported most
of the computers are Acer, HP, Dell, Microsoft, Lenovo, and other PC designers.
And also, some high-end Google Chromebooks use touch screens.
Thus, this is all about an
overview of touchscreen technology. The main reasons to choose this technology
instead of physical buttons by the manufacturers are; these are instinctive,
particularly to younger generations of users. By using this technology, the
devices can make smaller. The design of these devices is cheaper. In touch screens,
different technologies are used to let the operator operate a screen. Some
technologies use a finger whereas others use tools such as a stylus. Here is a
question for you, Do touch screens use a keyboard?
From <https://www.elprocus.com/touch-screen-technology-working/>
Communication between humans and
computer systems has come a long way from the keyboard and mouse. As more and
more interaction is being done on mobile devices, touchscreen technology makes
it possible to interact with a computer system using direct touch of the
electronic display, eliminating the need for a bulky mouse or keyboard. Explore
the definition and applications of touchscreen technology.
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all discussed seminar topics list click here Index.
…till next post, bye-bye and take care.
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